Broken Eagles – Napoleon and his German Allies in the 1813 Campaign

Traditional accounts of the campaigns of 1813 concentrate on the major powers: Napoleon’s France versus Russia, joined successively by Prussia, Sweden and Austria, and how, as in the French catastrophe of 1812, early successes were transformed into ruinous defeat. However, the smaller German states in Napoleon’s alliance system, the Confederation of the Rhine, or Rheinbund, also played an important part. Despite its significance, there are few books, especially in English, that explore the Rheinbund’s creation, evolution and demise. This groundbreaking new work seeks to redress this. Based on years of research in archives across Germany and France, as well as battlefield visits, this unprecedented study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the confederation’s military campaigns of 1813 – culminating in Napoleon’s defeat and the collapse of his German alliance. Presented in two parts, this first volume opens with an overview of the Rheinbund as an institution, a summary of